home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
Magnum One
/
Magnum One (Mid-American Digital) (Disc Manufacturing).iso
/
d3
/
re.arc
/
RE.DOC
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1990-01-16
|
103KB
|
2,164 lines
RAVITZ EDITOR 1.00 REFERENCE
(C) Copyright 1989 Cary Ravitz
Cary Ravitz
P. O. Box 25068
Lexington, KY 40524-5068
r-1
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 2
LICENSE AND REGISTRATION 2
INSTALLATION ..................................................... 3
GENERAL INFORMATION 4
HELP ............................................................. 6
ENTERING TEXT 6
FUNCTIONS ........................................................ 7
COMMANDS 10
MENUS ........................................................... 11
EDIT COMMAND 12
SAVE COMMAND .................................................... 13
QUIT COMMAND 14
NAME COMMAND .................................................... 14
PRINT COMMAND 14
MARKING AN AREA ................................................. 15
OPERATING ON AN AREA MARK 17
FILL AREA FUNCTIONS ............................................. 19
LINE EXCLUDE FUNCTIONS 20
POSITION MARK FUNCTIONS ......................................... 24
WORD WRAP MARGINS COMMAND 25
TAB COMMAND ..................................................... 25
BASIC FLOW FUNCTIONS 26
PARAGRAPH REFLOW FUNCTIONS ...................................... 28
DRAWING MODES 28
FIND COMMAND .................................................... 29
CHANGE COMMAND 31
ORDER LINES COMMAND ............................................. 32
LINE NUMBER COMMAND 32
DOS SHELL COMMAND ............................................... 32
WINDOWS AND SPLIT SCREEN 33
STATUS LINE ..................................................... 33
FILE NAMES 34
MEMORY MANAGEMENT ............................................... 34
HOUSEKEEPING DETAILS 35
MOUSE HANDLING .................................................. 36
DISPLAYS 36
TIPS ............................................................ 37
MESSAGES 38
COMPATIBILITY AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION ......................... 42
WHAT RE CANNOT DO 43
WHAT TO DO IF YOU HAVE PROBLEMS ................................. 43
r-2
INTRODUCTION
Ravitz Editor (RE) is a shareware ASCII text editor for IBM PC
compatible computers. It is a mid sized (46K to 64K) but very
powerful editor with integrated outlining and overviewing
capabilities.
RE has organizational aids that let you hide (exclude) lines to view
and operate on program, outline, and document structures, sort
lines, mark and return to positions, and view two files or parts of
the same file at once. A change tracking system lets you review new
and modified lines.
The user interface includes features such as: one character mnemonic
functions, commands, and options; menus; mouse input; and an
internal instant help system.
RE includes find and change functions with options such as word,
check capitalization, ignore excluded lines, look only in marked
area, all, and show all. Its marked area functions include overlay,
copy lines, delete, fill with block pattern, fill with numeric line
pattern, uppercase, shift horizontal, and shift vertical. Each of
these functions may include or ignore excluded lines. There are also
functions to help in writing documents such as word wrap, flow, flow
with right justification, flow into list, center text, and line
drawing.
RE is configurable via profiles that are installed within the EXE
file. Keyboard usage, default values, macros, menus, panels, and
help text may be defined with a profile and assembled into a new
RE.EXE with REPROF. The macro facility has nestable macros with
looping and conditional control. See REPROF.DOC for more
information.
LICENSE AND REGISTRATION
You may use Ravitz Editor without charge on a trial basis to
determine its suitability for you. If you continue to use RE after
your evaluation a $25 registration is requested.
RE is provided as is. There are no warranties expressed or implied.
You may distribute RE if you keep the entire package together,
unchanged, including this license explanation, and do not charge
more than a small handling fee ($10). You may include special
profiles with the package if they are clearly marked as such.
To register your copy of RE, send your name, address, and $25 check
to:
Cary Ravitz
P. O. Box 25068
Lexington, KY 40524-5068
You will not receive a new copy of RE. The RE bulletin board
distribution package is the complete, full function program.
r-3
INSTALLATION
The RE package consists of these files:
RE.EXE program (not included - must be generated with REPROF)
RE.DOC documentation
REPROF.EXE profile assembler program
REPROF.DOC profile documentation
REPROF.1 default profile
REPROF.2 alternate profile
REPROF.MAC miscellaneous macros
To install RE copy the distribution files to your working disk or
directory. Run "REPROF" from the DOS prompt. This will create
RE.EXE.
RE.EXE is a stand alone executable file. You can use it without any
other file - help text is included within the EXE file.
RE.DOC is this manual. You will need it for in-depth explanations
that are not included in the program help text. You can print it
with "COPY RE.DOC PRN" (46 pages).
REPROF.EXE is the profile assembler. It assembles a profile to
create a new RE.EXE, and can also regenerate the original RE.EXE.
REPROF.1 and REPROF.2 are profiles that can be used as starting
points for your personalization of RE. REPROF.DOC is the
documentation, which may be printed with "COPY REPROF.DOC PRN" (38
pages).
REPROF.MAC is a set of macros that may be useful.
If you are using 360K diskettes then you cannot fit all of the files
on one diskette. The easiest way to handle this is to print the two
.DOC files and keep the rest of the files on one disk. You can use
the disk to create a personalized version of RE and copy that RE.EXE
to your work disks.
r-4
GENERAL INFORMATION
The general flow of RE is: start the program; load a disk file into
memory or start with no data; update the in-memory data; and output
the data to disk.
To start RE from the DOS prompt, type RE and press enter. This will
start with an empty file. If you prefer to start with an old file,
type RE and the file name at the DOS prompt. The display must be in
80 (or greater) column mode or RE will not start. If this is not the
case, use the DOS MODE command to set it (MODE CO80, MODE BW80, or
MODE MONO).
To save your data and exit from RE, use the S (Save) and Q (Quit)
commands, described below.
You interface with RE in one of four ways. The first way is through
the letter and number keys. The screen and computer memory will echo
your input at the cursor location. The cursor is seen as a bright
block behind a character or a highlighted underscored character (on
a digital monochrome display).
The second way is through function keys. These keys perform various
often used functions. They include the cursor movement keys, the
enter, insert, and delete keys, many alt and ctrl shifted keys, and
others. These keys and their functions are described in the
FUNCTIONS section. To get started, try the alt-n key (for a new
line) and the cursor movement keys. Some function keys do two or
three functions, sometimes depending on cursor position to
distinguish which function to do and sometimes requiring multiple
presses to do a specific function. Examples are split line / join
lines and center / left side / right side. This minimizes the number
of keys that you need to remember.
The third way is through commands. You enter commands on the top
line of the screen (the command line) and execute them by pressing
the enter key. They include functions that require the entry of
names, numbers, or options. Examples are edit a file, save a file,
and find a string. These are described in the COMMANDS section.
Important commands for getting started are: E file to edit a file; S
to save a file; and Q to quit.
The fourth way is menus. When a menu is displayed you can move the
selection bar to any item with the cursor keys and select the item
with the enter key. If one of the letters in an item is capitalized
then that item can be immediately selected by pressing the letter.
Esc backs out of the menu and PgUp and PgDn display the previous or
next menu. Menu functions are referred to here with the key that
displays the menu followed by the item name, for example
f2-Directory.
RE is described in this manual but the best way to learn RE is by
using it. If an explanation is not clear, please try the function.
Do not be afraid to experiment.
r-5
A short RE session to create a new file looks like this. Function
keys are enclosed in "(" and ")". From DOS:
re program.pas (enter) start with an empty file
(csr dn) (csr dn) move cursor to first blank line
program add; (enter) enter text
var i: integer; (enter) .
begin (enter) .
i:=16+4; (enter) .
end. .
(esc) s (enter) save file to program.pas
q (enter) return to DOS.
A short session to modify this file looks like this. From DOS:
re program.pas (enter) start RE and read file
(csr dn) (csr dn) (csr dn) move cursor
(csr rt) (csr rt) (csr rt) .
(csr rt) (csr rt) .
(ins) toggle to insert mode
,j insert new text
(csr dn) (csr dn) (alt-n) move cursor and insert new line
j:=i+6; enter text
(esc) sq (enter) save file to program.pas and quit.
r-6
HELP
RE's help system is invoked with f1-Help_system or alt-f1. The help
item on each menu and alt-f1 from a menu start the help system on
the page specific to the menu.
The help system may be paged through with pgup, up, pgdn, and down
or any specific page may be selected with its page letter. Esc or
alt-f1 backs out of the help system.
The help system has explanations for RE's functions and it will be
useful to help learn and use RE. But it does not replace this
reference.
ENTERING TEXT
You enter text in RE just like most other programs - text is echoed
at the cursor position and the cursor is moved in preparation for
the next character. There are a few devices that help to make room
for your text. These only work in the text area, not on the command
line. The first is word wrap, which is a common feature that lets
you enter text continuously. The word wrap feature inserts new lines
and moves words that cross the margins so that the text fits within
the margins. See WORD WRAP MARGINS COMMAND to set the word wrap
margins.
RE does word wrap only when you type a character in the right word
wrap column and then type another character. After the first
character has been entered, a "w" appears on the status line.
Anything other than a character cancels the word wrap. The new line
caused by a word wrap starts in the left word wrap column. You are
not prevented from entering text outside the word wrap margins.
In the word wrap state (after entering a character in the word wrap
column), if the right word wrap column is at the edge of the screen
then the cursor does not make its usual move, but if you continue on
and cause the word wrap then the cursor is adjusted before entering
the next character. This lets you keep the right margin at the edge
of the screen.
RE does an automatic horizontal screen scroll when two consecutive
characters are typed at the right edge of the screen. After the
first character is entered, an "s" appears on the status line and
the cursor does not move. The second character will follow the first
after the scroll.
When you enter a character on the "Top ---" or "Bottom ---" line, a
new line is automatically inserted and the cursor is moved to that
line before the character is entered.
r-7
FUNCTIONS
A function is executed by pressing its associated key or selecting
the appropriate menu item. The following is a list of labeled
function keys. The use of these keys is generally compatible with
their use in other programs.
The cursor movement keys (arrow keys) move the cursor one space in
the direction indicated by the arrows. The cursor skips over the
status line (line 2), and wraps around the screen in all
directions. In typematic mode, horizontal cursor movement is three
spaces at a time.
The home key (or f4-Start_of_line) moves the cursor to the first
nonblank character on a line. On a blank line the cursor will be
moved to column 1. If the target column is off the current screen,
the screen will scroll to show the cursor.
The end key (or f4-End_of_line) moves the cursor to the space
after the last nonblank character on a line. On a blank line, the
cursor will be moved to column 1. The screen will scroll, if
needed, to show the cursor.
The forward and backward tab keys move the cursor to the next and
previous tab position. The screen will scroll, if needed, to show
the cursor. The tab positions are set with the T command,
described in the TAB COMMAND section. These keys do not insert tab
characters or blanks in the file. They only move the cursor.
The backspace key deletes the character to the left of the cursor
and moves everything that is on and to the right of the cursor one
space left. The screen will automatically scroll if needed.
The delete key deletes the character at the cursor position and
moves everything that is to the right of the cursor one space
left.
Caps lock toggles between caps lock mode and lowercase mode.
The insert key toggles between replace and insert mode. In replace
mode text keys replace the character at the cursor. In insert mode
text keys insert characters at the cursor, pushing the rest of the
line to the right.
The escape key toggles the cursor between the text area and the
command line. If the cursor is in the text area then it is moved
to the start of the command line. If the cursor is on the command
line then it is moved to its last position in the text area or as
close to that position as possible without scrolling the screen.
The cursor can also be moved on or off the command line with the
cursor up and down keys.
r-8
The enter key either executes a command or moves the cursor to
column 1 of the next line and scrolls the screen to column 1. If
the cursor is on the command line and the command line is nonblank
then enter executes the command. If the cursor is in the text area
and the first nonblank character on the command line is 'F', 'f',
'C', or 'c' then enter executes the command. Otherwise enter
causes the cursor return function described above.
The page up key (or f4-scroll_Up) scrolls the screen view up. The
number of lines scrolled is such that the cursor is moved to the
bottom of the screen or one full screen minus one line if the
cursor is already at the bottom or on the command line.
The page down key (or f4-scroll_Down) is similar to page up, but
it moves the screen view down.
The ctrl-backspace key (or f1-delete_line) deletes the current
line. This will not work on an excluded line. On the command line,
ctrl-backspace blanks the line.
The ctrl-home and ctrl-end keys (f4-Top_of_file, f4-Bot_of_file)
scroll to the top and bottom of a file.
The ctrl-left and ctrl-right keys (f4-scroll_lf_1, f4-scroll_rt_1)
scroll the screen view left and right one column.
The ctrl-page up and ctrl-page down keys (f4-scroll_up_1,
f4-scroll_dn_1) scroll the screen view up and down one line.
The break key (ctrl-break on a PC or fn-break on a PCjr) cancels
printing, sorts, finds, changes, and macros. No other function in
RE is interruptible.
All other function keys are obtained by pressing and holding the alt
key and then pressing one of the letter or number keys.
Alt-a (f1-Ascii_code) lets you enter an ASCII code. After pressing
alt-a, enter three digits, representing a number from 0 to 255.
You must enter three digits. Use leading zeros to get numbers
below 100. The character represented by this code will be put in
your file as if you had typed it. The alt-a function lets you
enter characters that, if typed from the keyboard, would cause
various RE functions rather than being interpreted as characters.
For example, ASCII 13 is interpreted as the enter key, but by
entering alt-a 013, you may put it in your file. (note: Do NOT
press alt while entering your ASCII code, and if you wish to use
the numeric keypad instead of the top row numbers you must use the
shift key or be in num lock mode.)
Alt-e (f2-Edit_file) edits a file in a new edit session. The file
name is specified by the cursor position. The cursor must be on a
character in the file name, and the file name is delimited by
blanks or the left or right end of the line. This function puts
the corresponding edit command on the command line and therefore
destroys any text on the command line.
r-9
Alt-h (f3-Highlight_csr) highlights the cursor by causing it to
blink. The highlighting will disappear after 10 blinks or at the
next keystroke.
Alt-k (f1-Erase_end_line) erases from the cursor to the end of the
line.
Alt-n (f1-New_line) adds a new blank line below the cursor.
Alt-q (f2-Next_session) moves the screen to the next edit session
in the session ring.
Alt-r (f1-Reshow) redisplays the current line from the data in
memory, if the cursor is on a text line. If the cursor is on a
group of excluded lines, then these lines are shown (unexcluded).
Alt-s (f1-Split/join) is the split/join function. If you press
alt-s and there are nonblank characters on or to the right of the
cursor, then the line will be split at the cursor position. This
includes characters that have been pushed off the right of the
screen. If there are only blanks on and to the right of the cursor
then the line below the current line will be joined to the current
line at the cursor position. Leading blanks on the joined line are
removed. If a line to be joined will not fit, you will get an
incorrect cursor position message.
Alt-y (f3-Recall_cmd_up) moves the cursor to the command line and
recalls commands. Your last sixteen commands are saved.
Consecutive presses of alt-y restores them in reverse order.
Alt-- (alt dash) (f4-scroll_Left) scrolls the screen view left,
such that the current cursor column is moved to right edge of the
screen.
Alt-= (f4-scroll_Right) scrolls the screen view right, such that
the current cursor column is moved to screen column 1.
Alt-7 (f4-up_outline) moves the cursor up to the next line that
starts on or to the left of the cursor.
Alt-8 (f4-down_outline) moves the cursor down to the next line
that starts on or to the left of the cursor.
There are more functions described in the sections on area and
position marks, the find and change commands, the exclude and flow
functions, line drawing function, windows, memory management, and
help.
r-10
COMMANDS
Enter commands on the top line of the screen (this is also referred
to as the command line). The esc key is a convenient way to move the
cursor to the command line. The command will be executed when you
press the enter key. If the cursor is on the command line and the
command line is nonblank then enter executes the command. If the
cursor is in the data area and the first nonblank character on the
command line is 'F', 'f', 'C', or 'c' then enter executes the
command. Otherwise enter causes the cursor return function.
The length of the command line is the width of the screen. It does
not scroll.
In the command descriptions here "(" and ")" enclose optional
parameters. "/" separates mutually exclusive parameters. Option
characters may follow the command or may be attached to the command
character ("S file Q" is the same as "SQ file").
The RE commands are:
C - change - see CHANGE COMMAND
D - DOS shell - see DOS SHELL COMMAND
E - edit - see EDIT COMMAND
F - find - see FIND COMMAND
N - name - see NAME COMMAND
O - order lines - see ORDER LINES COMMAND
P - print - see PRINT COMMAND
Q - quit - see QUIT COMMAND
S - save - see SAVE COMMAND
T - tabs - see TAB COMMAND
W - word wrap margins - see WORD WRAP MARGINS COMMAND
n - line number - see LINE NUMBER COMMAND.
r-11
MENUS
RE has 10 menus, accessed with f1 through f10. Menus 2 through 10
may also be accessed from the first menu. Help for each menu is
available from the "help" item.
When a menu is displayed you can move the bar cursor to any item
with the cursor keys and select the item with enter. If one of the
letters in an item is capitalized then that item can be selected by
pressing the letter key. Esc backs out of the menu and pgup and pgdn
display the previous and next menu.
Each menu item represents an RE function, command, or macro
(sequence of functions). If the function is available directly from
a keystroke then the key is noted with a "<" ("Split/join <a-s" can
also be invoked with the alt-s key).
If a menu item includes a * then that item initializes an RE
command. The * represents a string that you must enter (such as a
file name). To execute the command press the enter key. ("dir_*"
puts "ed " on the command line and returns control to you. If you
enter *.pas and press enter you will get a list of .pas files).
If an item is marked with a diamond then it represents a complex
macro that may remove your current area mark or pending command.
Displaying (or escaping from) a menu does not change the state of
RE. Any displayed message remains and any transient state stays.
Selecting an item is the same as using a function key.
The Basic menu (f1) lets you select any other menu, the help system,
or the basic editing functions such as split/join and new line.
The File, Print, DOS menu (f2 or f1-File,print,dos) includes edit,
save, quit, session selection, print, and DOS shell functions.
General (f3 or f1-General) has general functions including marking
an area or position, draw mode, and command recall.
Position (f4 or f1-Position) has functions that let you set the
cursor and screen position.
Exclude (f5 or f1-eXclude) has line exclude functions.
Document Processing (f6 or f1-Document_proc) contains document
processing function such as flow, margins, tabs, date, and time.
Find/Change (f7 or f1-fInd/change) has find and change functions.
Modify Mark Contents (f8 or f1-Mod_mk_contents) has area mark
functions that modify the contents of a mark such as shifting,
centering, and uppercase.
Copy, Delete, Fill Mark (f9 or f1-Copy,del,fill_mk) has area mark
functions that copy, overlay, delete, or fill the mark.
Order Lines (f10 or f1-Order_lines) contains line sorting functions.
r-12
EDIT COMMAND
"E (file (C/G)(D)(N/T))" starts a new edit session and reads in the
specified file (example: E PROGRAM.PAS lets you edit file
program.pas). The file name may be a complete DOS file name with
disk and path names (see FILE NAMES for a complete description of
RE's file name criteria). The C option says to check for a matching
file name in the current files, and if found go to that session or
if not found start a new session and read in the file. The G option
is like the C option except it will fail if the file is not already
in the session ring (G means go to file). The N option says to
handle tabs characters as normal characters. The T option says to
expand tab characters on input (this is the default). Tab characters
that would cause a line to exceed 255 characters are not expanded,
and cause a line(s) too long message.
If the D option is chosen then instead of reading a file, RE creates
a directory list. The specified file name is used as a mask to
screen files for inclusion in the list. If there is no "*" or "?" in
the file then "\*.*" or "*.*" is added to create the mask. If the D
option is not chosen but the file (not the path) contains either "*"
or "?" or ends with "\" or ":" then the D option is assumed. The
file names in the directory list are sorted alphabetically (this can
be turned off - see @SORTDIR in REPROF.DOC). Subdirectories in the
file list are followed by "\*.*" and are sorted to the top of the
list. Time and date formats are configurable (see @TIMEFORM and
@DATEFORM). The file attributes are listed as "a" - archive bit set,
"r" - read only, "h" - hidden, and "s" - system. Hidden and system
files are normally not shown but may be included (see @SHOWHIDSYS).
Alt-e may be used to edit a file or subdirectory from a file list.
An edit session with a directory list is the same as an edit session
with a file except the name on the status lines is not a valid name
to save the session to. The files names may be used as a selection
list or may be used to create BAT files that act on the files.
To find a match, the C and G options require an exact match. This is
easily tricked because a given file may be specified in many
different ways (temp is the same as temp. or c:temp). The
@exfilename patch lets you standardize file names to make this
option much more difficult to trick. However, since DOS lets you use
various utilities to refer to a given file with different names, the
C option will never be foolproof. The @edcurfl patch lets you
default to the C option.
Alt-e or f2-Edit_file edits the file that the cursor is on. This
lets you pick a file or subdirectory from a directory list.
F2-Directory edits a list of files in the current directory. This is
the same as the command "E *.*" or "ED".
F2-edit_* sets up an edit command and f2-dir_* sets up a directory
list command.
r-13
SAVE COMMAND
"S (file (Q)(B/D/I)(T/N))" saves the data for the current edit
session (example: S PROGRAM.PAS saves the current data to file
program.pas, regardless of the displayed file name, S saves the
current data to the displayed file). The default file name is
displayed on the status line. You cannot use CON, AUX, COM1, COM2,
COM3, COM4, LPT1, PRN, LPT2, LPT3, or NUL for the file name and you
cannot use RE!, BAK, COM, or EXE for the file name extension (see
FILE NAMES for a complete description of RE's file name criteria).
You may substitute a * for the file to refer to the displayed file.
The Q option is the same as a Save command and then a Quit command
except that the message resulting from a successful save appears
after the quit is finished. If the save is not successful, then the
quit is not done.
The process used by RE for saving a file to a file that exists if
the B (Backup) option is chosen or if no save type option is chosen
is: delete the file with extension BAK; save the data to file with
extension RE!; rename the original file with extension BAK; rename
the file with extension RE! to specified file name. If the I
(Indirect) option is chosen then the process is: save to .RE!;
delete the original file; and rename .RE! to the specified file
name. If the D (Direct) option is chosen then the file is written
directly. This is not as safe as the other save types because the
original file is destroyed before the new one is written.
When saving to a file that does not exist, the save is always
directly to that file.
The T option says to compress the file with tab characters on
output. The N option (the default) says to not do any tab
compression.
The Save command does not handle devices correctly (in general), so
if you want to write to a device instead of a file, use the Print
command.
F2-Save, and f2-sAve_+_quit invoke the S and SQ commands.
Some hardware / software setups (especially with disks formatted to
more than 32M) give very slow saves with RE's safe save system due
to very slow file renames. Using the D option should speed this up
considerably. D can be made the default, see @DEFSAVETP in
REPROF.DOC.
r-14
QUIT COMMAND
"Q" cancels an edit session WITHOUT saving the data. If you have
changed the data since your last save, then you will be prompted for
confirmation of the Quit command. If there is only one edit session
then RE is ended and you will receive the DOS prompt.
F2-Quit does a Quit command.
NAME COMMAND
"N file" resets the session file name. No change is made to any disk
file. Only the default file name, used by the Save command and
displayed on the status line, is changed.
F2-name_* sets up a Name command.
PRINT COMMAND
"P (file/device (M)(X))" prints the current file, or an area mark in
the current file if the M option is specified, to a file or device.
PRN, the default DOS printer, is the default device. LPT2 and LPT3
print to the second and third printers. The X option says to not
print excluded lines. Break cancels printing at the next
opportunity.
When printing to a printer or device, after printing each line, RE
sends a carriage return and line feed (ASCII 13, 10) to the printer
except if the last character of the last line printed is a form feed
(ASCII 12) then the line feed is suppressed.
If you specify a file then the data is written directly, without
checking for available disk space, making a backup, or using any
safeguards. If the Print command is successful then the new file is
the same as if it had been created with a Save command.
The file/device name is not checked for correct syntax.
F2-print, f2-print_mark, f2-print_unex_mark invoke the Print
command.
r-15
MARKING AN AREA
To define areas on which to do several functions, RE uses area
marks. These marks define rectangular areas of text. Only one area
mark may exist at any time.
To use an area mark function, you must first mark an area of text.
There are many ways to do this.
Mark a character with alt-b or f3-mark_Block.
Mark two corners of a block with alt-b or f3-mark_Block.
Mark a full line with alt-l or f3-mark_Line.
Mark the first and last lines of a full line area mark with alt-l
or f3-mark_Line.
Mark a column with f3-mark_column.
Mark the first and last columns of a group with f3-mark_Column.
Mark the entire session with f3-mark_All.
Mark a block from the cursor to column 1 or 255 with alt-b
(f3-mark_Block) and then alt-l (f3-mark_Line). If the cursor is to
the left of the mark when you press alt-l then the mark is filled
out to column 1, otherwise it is filled out to column 255.
Mark a block from the cursor to the top or bottom line with alt-b
(f3-mark_Block) and then f3-mark_Column. If the cursor is to the
above the mark when you do f3-mark_Column then the mark is filled
out to the top line, otherwise it is filled out to the bottom
line.
Mark a block with the same columns as the previous mark but with a
new set of lines with alt-l (f3-mark_Line) and then alt-b
(f3-mark_Block). This is useful for flowing several different
paragraphs to the same margins. If you have set word wrap margins
to something other than 1 and 255 then alt-l alt-b sets these
margins.
Mark a full column mark with the same columns as the previous mark
with f3-mark_column and then alt-b (f3-mark_Block). If you have
set word wrap margins to something other than 1 and 255 then
f3-mark_column alt-b sets these margins.
Mark a full line mark from the cursor to the top or bottom of the
file with alt-l (f3-mark_Line) and then f3-mark_column. If the
cursor is above the initial mark when you do f3-mark_column then
the mark is extended to the top of the file, otherwise it is
extended to the bottom of the file.
Mark a full column mark from the cursor to column 1 or 255 with
f3-mark_column and then alt-l (f3-mark_Line). If the cursor is to
the left of the initial mark when you press alt-l then the mark is
extended to column 1, otherwise it is extended to column 255.
r-16
A marked area is highlighted by either underscores or a blue or gray
background (depending on the display and display mode). If an area
mark covers columns 1 through 255, then it is a line area mark
(regardless of how it was created).
Alt-u (or f3-Unmark) unmarks an area mark.
If an area mark exists and you attempt to create a new one, you will
get the "Area mark already exists" message. When this message is
present, and you repeat the function, the first area is unmarked and
the requested function works as usual.
F3-mark_block_resize, f3-mark_line_resize, f3-mark_column_resize are
similar to the functions explained above, except that when there is
a complete area and you use the resize functions, they will modify
the area mark instead of giving the "Area mark already exists"
message. F3-mark_block_resize updates one corner of the area mark.
F3-mark_line_resize extends or shrinks the area mark to cover the
current line, leaving the margins unchanged. F3-mark_column_resize
extends or shrinks the area mark to cover the current column,
leaving the covered lines unchanged. Shrinkage is done initially
from the closest side or corner of the mark. Repeating the functions
cycles through the possibilities of new area marks.
r-17
OPERATING ON AN AREA MARK
The following are the basic area mark functions.
Alt-c (f9-Copy_lines) copies all lines in a line area mark after
the cursor line.
Alt-d deletes the contents of an area mark. Full line marks are
deleted and the lines removed. Blocks are deleted and the columns
to the right of the mark are shifted left. F9-delete_lines and
f9-delete_block do the same function but require a specific
choice.
Alt-g moves the cursor to the position mark and, on a consecutive
press, to the area mark, and then on another press, to the bottom
of the area mark. F4-go_Ar_mk_ul and f4-go_ar_mk_ll move the
cursor to the upper left and lower left corners of the mark.
Alt-i (f9-Insert) inserts the marked area at the cursor location,
shifting current text to the right. If data will be pushed past
column 255 (and therefore lost) then you are given an are your
sure prompt. In general if the cursor position is such that the
contents of the area mark would be changed by this operation then
it is not allowed. An area can be inserted to the left of the mark
if the cursor is aligned with the top of the mark. In this case
the mark is moved to cover the same text as before the operation.
Alt-m (f9-Move lines) moves all lines in a line area mark after
the cursor line.
Alt-o (f9-Overlay) overlays the marked area at the cursor
location. If data will be overlayed past column 255 then you are
given an are your sure prompt. If the cursor position is such that
the contents of the area mark would be changed by this operation
then it is not allowed.
F9-merge overlays the marked area at the cursor only where the
target area is blank. If the cursor position is such that the
contents of the area mark would be changed by this operation then
it is not allowed.
Alt-v horizontally centers the contents of an area mark within the
area mark. Another (consecutive) press of alt-v moves the text to
the left side of the area mark (line by line). A third consecutive
press of alt-v moves the text to the right side of the area mark.
F8-Center, f8-Left_side, and f8-Right_side provide the same
function.
Alt-4 (f9-blank) blanks the marked area.
F8-Upper and f8-Lower uppercase and lowercase the text within the
area mark.
F8-upper_First uppercases the first letter of each word in the
mark.
r-18
F8-shift_up shifts text within the area mark up one line. If data
will be lost at the edge of the mark then you will be given an are
you sure prompt. Repeated presses do not give this prompt (after
the first affirmative answer).
F8-shift_down shifts text within the area mark down one line.
Alt-9 (f8-shift_left) shifts text within the area mark left one
column.
Alt-0 (f8-shift_right) shifts text within the area mark right one
column.
Each of these functions has an equivalent function that operates
only on unexcluded lines. They are available on the menus and are
labeled with "unex". With the overlay and insert functions, only
excluded lines from the marked area are ignored. Excluded lines in
the target area are treated as usual.
The horizontal and vertical shift functions, the upper and lower
case functions, the fill functions, and the non-line area delete
function may only be done when some part of the area mark is in the
current window. If you try to delete a line area mark that is not in
the current window, you will be prompted for confirmation.
Area marks are also used in conjunction with the Find, Change,
Print, and Order commands, and the flow, exclude, and fill
functions.
r-19
FILL AREA FUNCTIONS
Alt-3 (F9-fill_nm_line) fills the marked area with a numeric line
pattern. To fill an area mark from the cursor to the bottom of the
mark with a line pattern, enter the pattern and press Alt-3. If the
cursor is on a number then the number will be incremented in the
cursor column on each succeeding line.
Alt-5 (F9-fill_block_pat) fills the marked area with a rectangular
pattern. To use this function, enter the fill pattern in the upper
left corner of the mark, position the cursor on the lower right
corner of the pattern, and press Alt-5.
The cursor may not be on an excluded line during a fill function.
For example:
block pattern numeric line pattern
z______ abc____ ____36. _A00007 _____70 ____x70 abcd___
_______ def____ _______ _______ _______ _______ efghij_
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ lmnopqr
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
cursor position:
on z on f on 6 on 7 on 7 on 7 on l
yields:
zzzzzzz abcabca ____36. _A00007 _____70 ____x70 abcd___
zzzzzzz defdefd ____37. _A00008 _____80 ____x80 efghij_
zzzzzzz abcabca ____38. _A00009 _____90 ____x90 lmnopqr
zzzzzzz defdefd ____39. _A00010 ____100 ____x00 lmnopqr
zzzzzzz abcabca ____40. _A00011 ____110 ____x10 lmnopqr
The next to last example gives a "Numeric fill overflow" message
since RE will not overwrite the "x". Only blanks and 0..9 will be
overwritten.
These functions will ignore excluded lines if you use
F9-fill_num_ln_pt_unex and F9-fill_block_pat_unex.
The numeric line pattern fill is useful when using the line ordering
command to preserve the original order of lines. Before doing any
sorting, number all lines. Then to get the original order back, sort
on these numbers.
r-20
LINE EXCLUDE FUNCTIONS
The line exclude function is used to hide lines from the display.
These lines are not deleted from the file, only from the display. A
hidden line or set of lines is seen on the screen as a dashed line
followed by the number of hidden lines. The leftmost nonblank column
of each hidden line is marked with a plus sign on top of the dashed
line.
Alt-x (or f5-ex_mark_indent) is the exclude lines by indentation
function. It is used both to exclude and reshow lines, depending on
the position of the cursor and the margins of the area mark. To
exclude or reshow a group of lines, first mark the lines with an
area mark. Then position the cursor and press alt-x. If the cursor
is inside the area mark then all lines whose leftmost nonblank
character within the mark is at or to the right of the cursor are
excluded (hidden). All other lines are shown. If the cursor is
outside the mark then all lines in the mark are shown. Blank lines
are excluded as if they had a nonblank character in column 256.
F5-ex_Indent excludes the entire file by indentation (as if the
entire file were covered with an area mark).
F5-ex_mark_para is the exclude lines by paragraph function. It
causes all lines that are nonblank within the area mark and are
preceded by lines that are blank within the area mark to be shown
and all others in the mark to be excluded. If you leave a blank line
between each paragraph or subroutine, then this functions compresses
the file view by showing only the first line in each paragraph or
subroutine.
F5-ex_Para excludes the entire file by paragraph.
F5-show_Changes shows all modified and new lines (since the start of
the session). This function acts on the entire file.
F5-Show_all unexcludes the entire file.
F5-show_Mark unexcludes all lines in the area mark. F5-ex_mark
excludes all lines in the area mark.
F5-Reverse_ex and f5-reverse_ex_mark reverse the excluded line
status of each line in the file or mark.
Alt-r (or f5-reshow) reshows all lines in a set of excluded lines.
F5-ex_One_line excludes the line that the cursor is on.
F5-unex_First_line and f5-unex_Last_line unexclude the first and
last lines from an excluded group.
F5-ex_children excludes all lines below the current line up to the
next line that starts at or to the left of the start of the current
line.
Alt-6 excludes children on the first press and unexcludes them on a
consecutive press.
r-21
F5-unex_one_level reexcludes an excluded group by indentation with
the cursor one character to the right of the start of the group.
This is a macro that uses the area mark.
F5-show_* and f5-show_mark_* set up find commands to exclude
everything except the string that you enter. You must press enter
after entering the string.
F5-ex_unex_mark_indent works like alt-x except that it ignores
excluded lines.
The home and end keys look for the leftmost and rightmost characters
in a set of excluded lines. All of the area mark functions work on
excluded lines just like they work on normal lines, except that when
you mark an excluded line, all of the lines in the set represented
by the dashed line are included in the area mark. The alphanumeric
keys, del, backspace, split/join, erase end of line, and enter ASCII
code, do not work on excluded lines.
Several RE commands have options that let you work with excluded
lines or ignore the lines. See the X options of the Find, Change,
Order, and Print commands. In addition, most of the area mark
functions, except the text flow functions, have versions labeled
"unex" that ignore excluded lines.
The Find command is important to making best use of excluded lines
because when a string is found, the line that it is on is
unexcluded. The All, Show all, and Hide all options are useful in
getting the proper lines excluded.
The line exclude functions are very useful. Below is a list of some
techniques that you may find helpful.
The line exclude function lets you compress the view of a file by
hiding lines that are low in the hierarchy of function. You should
design your coding indentation method to take advantage of this
function. To compress the view of your entire file, by excluding
all lines that do not start in column 1, move the cursor to column
2 in the text area and do f5-ex_Indent. For example:
(* proc1 .. *) ---> (* proc1 .. *)
procedure proc1; +-+----------..-- 7
var i: integer; (* proc2 .. *)
begin +-+----------..-- 6
i:=1;
.
.
end;
(* proc2 .. *)
procedure proc2;
var i: integer;
begin
.
.
end;
r-22
BASIC programs may be similarly shown. For example, to show the
subroutine structure of the program on the left: move the cursor
to column 5 in the text area and do f3-mark_Column and then
f3-mark_Line (or alt-l); position the cursor in the area mark on
column 7; and press alt-x (or f5-ex_mark_indent).
1000 'MAIN ROUTINE ---> 1000 'MAIN ROUTINE
1010 GOSUB 2000 +----------------------..-- 4
1020 GOSUB 3000 2000 'GET DATA
1030 GOSUB 4000 +----------------------..-- 2
1040 STOP 3000 'CALCULATE RESULTS
2000 'GET DATA +----------------------..-- 2
2010 . 4000 'OUTPUT RESULTS
2020 . +----------------------..-- 2
3000 'CALCULATE RESULTS
3010 .
3020 .
4000 'OUTPUT RESULTS
4010 .
4020 .
To add confidence to moves of large blocks of text, exclude the
middle lines of the block. This lets you view the entire block
while doing the move.
Another use of the line exclude function is to help column
manipulation. If you want to move columns of text, exclude all
lines of the column except the first and last. Then it is easy to
put an area mark around an entire column.
Suppose you want to find the rightmost character in a group of
lines. Mark the group with a line area mark and do f5-ex_mark.
This excludes all lines in the group. Then press end to move the
cursor to the blank after the rightmost character. Press alt-u,
alt-b, cursor left, alt-b, cursor right, and alt-x. All lines with
characters in the rightmost position will be unexcluded (this will
not work if the rightmost character is in column 255).
The line exclude function is also useful for matching BEGIN and
END statements in the case of missing or extra END statements (in
Pascal). Exclude statements between the lowest level BEGIN and END
statements. Continue excluding statements between higher levels of
BEGIN and END statements until you find your problem. You can also
try the commands "fs begin" and then "fa end".
If you want to re-exclude an excluded group of lines, but do not
know what level of indentation to use: put the cursor on the line
and press alt-l; press alt-r to reshow the lines but leave the
area mark; choose a cursor position; and press alt-x.
r-23
If you want to sort a section of an outline, retaining sub-topics
with their title line, exclude the sub-topics (exclude by
indentation) and sort with the X option or f10-ascend_ex. For
example:
title C --> title C --> title A --> title A
line c1 +------- 3 +------- 1 line a1
line c2 title A title B title B
line c3 +------- 1 +------- 2 line b1
title A title B title C line b2
line a1 +------- 2 +------- 3 title C
title B line c1
line b1 line c2
line b2 line c3
r-24
POSITION MARK FUNCTIONS
The alt-p key places the position mark under the cursor. After the
cursor is moved, the position mark is seen as a bright background
(red on a color screen). The position mark may be placed in the text
area only.
The position mark may be reset at any time by pressing alt-p. To
delete the position mark, put the cursor on top of the mark and
press alt-p.
When the position mark is in the current edit session, and the
cursor is on an editable or excluded line, then the width and height
from the position mark to the cursor (inclusive) are displayed on
the status line in place of the file name.
The alt-p and alt-g keys work together to provide a mark position
and go to marked position function. Alt-p sets the position mark. To
return to this position from anywhere within RE except the help
system, press alt-g (or f4-go_Pos_mk). (A second press of alt-g or
if there is no position mark moves the cursor to the area mark and
then the bottom of the area mark.)
If the cursor is not on the position mark then you may delete the
mark by pressing alt-p twice. The first alt-p moves the position
mark under the cursor, and the second deletes it.
F3-set_Pos_mk, f3-remove_ps_mk, and f4-go_Pos_mk provide menu access
to these functions.
r-25
WORD WRAP MARGINS COMMAND
"W ((col1) col2)" sets the word wrap margins. If the columns are not
present then 1 and 255 are assumed. If just one column is present
then the left margin is set to 1.
Word wrap margins may be set at the cursor position with
f6-set_Left_margin and f6-set_Right_margin. And they may be set to 1
and 70 with f6-margin_1..70 or reset to 1 and 255 with
f6-margins_Off. F6-Margins_*_* sets up a general W command.
See ENTERING TEXT for a description of RE's word wrap function.
When the word wrap margins are not 1 and 255, and you create an area
mark with alt-l alt-b, then the mark will span the word wrap
margins.
TAB COMMAND
The T command lets you specify what kind of tabs you want to use. "T
(setnumber)" sets the tab keys to use the specified tab set number.
1 is the default which is an automatic tab function. Tab set 2 has
tabs at 1, 9, 17, ... Tab sets 3 through 10 are not defined. See the
REPROF.DOC to set these up as desired.
"T col1 col2 .." sets conventional tabs at col1, col2, etc. You must
use at least two columns so that RE recognizes that you are not
trying to set a tab set.
"T A l c" sets the automatic tab looking at l lines (1..8) and
maximum columns c (1..254). The default tab set 1 is A 4 8.
In automatic tab mode, tab positions are determined by RE and are
based on word starts on the current line and a number of lines above
the current line. The tab positions are:
columns 1 and 255
the start of every word on the current line
the start of every word on the line above this if that position is
not between one blank to the left of a word on the current line
and one blank to the right of a word on the current line and so on
for each examined line above this
a set number of columns in both directions from the cursor
r-26
BASIC FLOW FUNCTIONS
The flow and right justify functions flow (or reflow ) the words in
a set of lines, so that they fill but do not exceed the space
between two columns. Additionally, the first word may be positioned
anywhere from column one to the right column. This allows for
indentation of the first line of a paragraph, or outline numbers to
the left of a flowed group.
The flow into list function flows the words in a set of lines into a
list so that each word is on a separate line.
The alt-f key (or f6-flow_mark) is the flow function key. To flow a
group of lines, set an area mark such that the lines to be flowed
are contained between the upper and lower limits of area mark, and
the left and right margins are set with the left and right sides of
area mark. If you want a special position for the first word in the
flow, move the cursor to this position (on the first line of the
area mark). Then press alt-f.
Alt-j and f6-rt_justify_mk work exactly like alt-f except that the
text is right justified. Spaces are added evenly between words; then
extra spaces are added at random after periods, exclamation points,
and question marks; and then extra spaces are added randomly at
other spaces. Spaces are never added to spaces that are to the left
of the area mark.
Alt-t (or f6-flow_mark_list) is the flow into list function. To flow
the words in a group of lines into a list, set an area mark such
that the left side of the mark is where you want the left margin of
the list. Words that are wider than the mark will be split, so make
the mark wide enough to handle all of the words (use alt-b alt-l to
insure this). Then press alt-t.
The flow functions will work only if the area mark is in the current
window. If your area mark is only one column wide, then you will be
prompted for confirmation.
If you are flowing a number of paragraphs (with the same margins),
use the alt-b alt-b key combination to set the first area mark and
then the alt-l alt-b key combination to set successive area marks.
The alt-l alt-b key combination preserves your margins, reducing the
keystrokes needed to set up the required area mark.
Or if you set the word wrap margins to other than 1 and 255, alt-l
alt-b sets up the area mark to match those margins.
Flow and right justify functions that add an extra space at the end
of a sentence are available, but are not assigned in the default
profile. See REPROF.DOC.
r-27
Here are three examples of the flow functions.
If you have a paragraph in broken format or with the wrong
margins, such as:
Ravitz Editor (RE) is a general purpose full screen ASCII
text editor for the IBM Personal Computer family.
It requires an 80 column (or greater), 256 Kbytes of
memory, and DOS version 2.0 or higher.
and you want it right justified between columns 7 and 70: move the
cursor to the first line on column 7 and press alt-b; move the
cursor to the last line on column 70 and press alt-b; press alt-j.
The result is:
Ravitz Editor (RE) is a general purpose full screen ASCII text
editor for the IBM Personal Computer family. It requires an 80
column (or greater), 256 Kbytes of memory, and DOS version 2.0
or higher.
If you prefer to indent the paragraph five spaces, follow the
previous instructions, except before you press alt-j, move the
cursor back to the first line on column 12. The result is:
Ravitz Editor (RE) is a general purpose full screen ASCII
text editor for the IBM Personal Computer family. It requires an
80 column (or greater), 256 Kbytes of memory, and DOS version
2.0 or higher.
If you are doing a list, try the following. For this text:
2) Ravitz Editor (RE) is a
general purpose full screen ASCII
text editor for the IBM Personal Computer family. It requires an
80 column (or greater), 256
Kbytes of memory, and DOS version
2.0 or higher.
Move the cursor to the first line on column 10 and press alt-b;
move the cursor to the last line on column 70 and press alt-b;
move the cursor to the first line on column 7; press alt-f. The
result is:
2) Ravitz Editor (RE) is a general purpose full screen ASCII
text editor for the IBM Personal Computer family. It requires
an 80 column (or greater), 256 Kbytes of memory, and DOS
version 2.0 or higher.
r-28
PARAGRAPH REFLOW FUNCTIONS
F6-Flow_para and f6-rt_Justify_para are macros that do everything
necessary to flow a paragraph. They assume that paragraphs are
delimited by blank lines, and mark the paragraph that the cursor is
in or above based on either the word wrap margins or if the margins
are 1 and 255 then based on the last area mark. The indentation of
the first line is at the cursor position. After the paragraph is
reflowed, the cursor is moved below it. The current area mark is
removed by these functions.
DRAWING MODES
Alt-z rotates between the three drawing modes and normal mode.
Starting from normal editing mode, one press of alt-z sets single
line drawing mode. Another consecutive press sets double line
drawing mode. Another consecutive press sets current character
drawing mode. And one more consecutive press returns to normal
editing. The drawing modes can only be set in the text area. In the
line modes, the PC ASCII line character set is used. In current
character mode, the character that the cursor is on when the mode is
invoked is the drawing character.
Drawing modes may also be set from the f3 menu.
In the drawing modes, use the cursor keys to trace out lines. The
drawing character is placed at the current cursor position and then
the cursor is moved in the direction specified. In the line modes,
joints with other line characters are done automatically (but only
after the cursor is moved from a position, not when it is moved to a
position). Any key other than the cursor keys and the set/reset
position mark key returns you to normal editing mode.
While there are only two line modes, boxes with mixed modes (for
example double horizontal and single vertical, or double upper and
left and single lower and right) may be created by switching line
drawing modes at the corners.
One note on using mixed line modes may be useful. If you have a
double line and you want to T into it with a single line, bring the
cursor up to the line and then move it back in the direction from
which it came to complete the joint.
║ ║ ║
║ ║ ║
cursor line ║ cursor line ║
─────── cursor line ─────── ───╨───
r-29
FIND COMMAND
With the find command you can have RE search for a word or other
string. The form of the find function is "F string options". If your
string contains blanks then enclose the string in apostrophes or
quotes (' or "). When you press enter the search starts at the
cursor position and continues to the last line (first line if you
use options P or L). If the string is found then the cursor is
placed at the start of the string. If the string is on an excluded
line then that line is unexcluded.
There are several options to let you modify the search. Each of
these options is represented by one letter. Combinations of options
may be entered after the find string or may be attached to the
command letter.
N lets you look for the next occurrence. This means that the
search starts one space after the cursor position.
P lets you look for the previous occurrence. This means that the
search starts one space before the cursor position and the search
is in the backward direction.
F starts the search on the first line and column of the file.
L starts the search on the last line and column of the file and
causes a search in the backward direction.
A finds (and unexcludes) all occurrences, and puts the cursor on
the first occurrence. The number of finds is displayed on the
"Found" message. If First, Last, Next, or Previous is specified,
then that specifies the starting point of the search otherwise
First is assumed.
S (show all) excludes all lines of interest (the whole file or
area mark, with or without excluded or unexcluded lines) that do
not include the specified find string and unexcludes lines that
include the string. The number of finds is displayed with the
"Found" message and the cursor is put on the command line. If
First, Last, Next, or Previous is specified, then that specifies
the starting point of the search otherwise First is assumed.
H (hide all) is like S (show all) except that it excludes all
lines of interest that include the specified find string and
unexcludes lines that do not include the string.
C causes RE to check for a match of the capitalization of each
letter in the find and file strings. Without this option,
capitalization (of the find string and file strings) is ignored
(by internally converting the strings to uppercase). For example,
to find the string "RE" without finding the string "re", use the
command "f RE c".
r-30
M restricts the search to the current area mark. For example to
find the string "the" only in the first 20 columns, use the
command "m 1 20" to mark the columns, and then use the command "f
the m" to do the search. Even with the M option, the search starts
at the cursor and goes in the normal direction, so if the cursor
is below an area mark and the search is in the forward direction,
nothing will be found.
W narrows the search by requiring that your string be surrounded
by blanks or punctuation. This implies (loosely) that your string
is a word. For example, if you use the command "f and w" then the
next occurrence of the word "and" will be found while the "and" in
"landing" will be ignored. Characters that do not delimit words
are: #, $, %, 0..9, @, A..Z, a..z. All other characters are word
delimiters. To change this choice see the @FINDWORD in REPROF.DOC.
Any character may be contained within the word.
B says to accept a string only if it is the beginning of a word.
See the W option, above, for details on what is considered a word.
E says to accept a string only if it is the end of a word. See the
W option, above, for details on what is considered a word.
U says to ignore unexcluded lines.
X says to ignore excluded lines.
The First, Last, Next, Previous options are mutually exclusive, and
may not be combined in one find command. Show all, Hide all, and All
are also mutually exclusive.
The F7 menu gives a number of standard Find commands to choose from.
After a Find command is executed, the find string and a set of
options are displayed on the status line. These options are the ones
that you entered in your find command, except that S, H, and A are
not shown, F is changed to N, L is changed to P, and if you did not
specify either N or P then N is added. The displayed string and
options are used if you do a repeat find function. Press alt-1 (or
F7-repeat_Find) to do the repeat find. The displayed string may also
be referenced by using a * or blank for the string in an F command.
The displayed options may be referenced by using *. The repeat find
function is equivalent to the command "F * *" or "F*".
Before alt-1 repeats the displayed find, it checks the command line
for a Find or Change command. If it finds a Find command it executes
that command instead of repeating the displayed find. If it finds a
Change command then it executes the find associated with the change
and updates the displayed change string (see the next section for
more information on the Change command).
The Hide all option unexcludes lines before excluding found lines.
If you want to use it to successively exclude lines, use the X
option also. Similarly, to use the S option to successively reshow
lines, use the U option also.
Break cancels a find command.
r-31
CHANGE COMMAND
The Change command does the same search as the find function, and
then replaces the string with another string. Its form is "C
findstring changestring options". The change string is displayed
beside the find string on the status line. The syntax and options of
the Change command are the same as for the Find command, except that
the Next and Previous options start the search at the current cursor
position, not the next or previous space.
The F7 menu gives a number of standard Change commands to choose
from.
The findstring of the Change command and the string of the Find
command are the same quantity. So, for example, if you have found
the string "hte" with the command "F hte", you may change it to
"the" with the command "C * the".
If you press alt-r (f1-Reshow) immediately after changing a string,
the string will be un-changed. This will not work if you used the
All, Show all, or Hide all option.
If your change will not fit in 255 columns, you will get the
"Line(s) too long" message and the change will not be done.
Break cancels a change command.
You may repeat a Change command with alt-2 or F7-repeat_Change. This
is equivalent to the command "C * * *" or "C*". Before alt-2 repeats
the displayed change, it checks the command line for a Find or
Change command. If it finds a Find command it updates the current
find string and options before doing the repeat change function. If
it finds a Change command then that command is executed instead of
repeating the displayed change.
A special case of the Change command with the all options occurs
when the find and change strings both have no nonblank characters,
such as CA ' ' ''. In this case, nothing to the right of the last
nonblank character on a line can change, so these changes are not
reported in the change count.
There is no "replace with query" command in RE. However, you can get
the same effect by using the alt-1 (repeat find) and alt-2 (repeat
change) functions. Use alt-1 to find each string and use alt-2 to
change the ones that you want to change.
r-32
ORDER LINES COMMAND
To reorder a group of lines, mark the lines with an area mark. Mark
the columns on which to sort with the margins of the area mark. Then
execute the O command. Two option selections are required. The first
is one of the three options A (ascending), D (descending), and R
(reverse). The second is one of the two options X (retain excluded
lines with their parent line) and I (sort lines independently).
Normally the sort is alphabetical, ignoring capitalization and
punctuation on characters (for example "A" is the same as "a" and
"á"). The C option causes the sort to be by ASCII code.
RE's sorts are stable, that is, lines with equal sort value remain
in the same order. This property lets you sort on multiple fields.
To do this sort the least significant field first, then sort on the
next least significant field, and so on to the most significant.
With the A or D options, sorts may take a significant time,
depending on the number of lines sorted, the number of columns in
the mark, and the number of significant columns in the mark. Break
cancels a sort at the next available break point.
The f10 menu provides all Order possibilities.
To sort sections of outlines, exclude the outline so that everything
but the section titles are excluded. Then use the X option of the
Order command.
To modify the default collating sequence, see @SORTSEQ in
REPROF.DOC.
LINE NUMBER COMMAND
Any positive integer less than 60000 entered as a command will cause
RE to move the cursor to that line number. "0" will scroll to the
top of the file.
DOS SHELL COMMAND
"D (command)" invokes a DOS shell. If a command is specified then
only that command is done and control is returned to RE. If the
command leaves the cursor in the upper left corner of the screen
then control is given to RE immediately. This can be accomplished
from a BAT file by making the last command CLS followed by ASCII 26.
Otherwise press enter to return to RE. If no command is specified
then you must use the EXIT command from DOS to get back to RE. You
must have at least 64K (4096 paragraphs) of free memory to use the D
command.
F2-dos and f2-dos_* set up DOS shell commands.
The commands DI, DM, and DS invoke program interface DOS shells.
These are currently used only by REPROF which can be called from the
RE command line (DI REPROF) to assemble the current RE session into
a new RE.EXE. See REPROF.DOC. Details of the interface will be made
available later (if you have an immediate need, contact me).
r-33
WINDOWS AND SPLIT SCREEN
RE has two windows, A and B. When RE is started window A is active.
Alt-w or f1-Window_a/b switches the active window. Window B behaves
just like window A but A and B keep distinct positions for each
file.
The screen may show either window alone or both windows.
F3-split_screen splits the screen at the cursor and leaves both
windows visible. In this case, neither window can have less than
three lines of text. When in split screen mode the inactive window
reflects the current internal database - the current line is not
updated until that line is saved to the internal database.
F3-unsplit_screen makes the active window cover the entire screen.
The keyboard cursor up and down keys automatically switch the active
screen as they traverse the screen. The autoscroll cursor functions
(used by the mouse and installable on the keyboard) scroll the
window rather than switching windows.
STATUS LINE
The second line on the RE screen is a status line. It is highlighted
with a bright background. The cursor cannot be moved onto this line.
If the screen is split then the status lines is above the active
window and another status line with just a file name is above the
inactive window. The status line includes:
25 columns for messages, file names, and the ruler
If there is no other message then the active window letter (A or
B) is displayed with either the file name or the ruler, depending
on the cursor position and the position mark status.
"c" if the keyboard is in caps lock mode or the current user
defined shift state
"i", "s", "w", "┼", "╬","*", or "x" if RE is in insert, autoscroll,
word wrap, single line draw, double line draw, current character
draw, or ignore excluded lines mode
"u" if the session has not been changed
The change state of a session is not updated until the cursor
leaves a line, so typing in an unchanged session does not cause it
to be changed immediately.
"á" or "a" if there is an incomplete or complete area mark
"p" if there is a position mark
the cursor column
the line number of the cursor if the cursor is on an editable or
excluded line, or the line number of screen line 3 if the cursor
is on the command line and line 3 is an editable or excluded line
the ASCII code (decimal) of the character at the cursor position if
the cursor is on an editable line or the command line
the current find string
the current change string
the current find/change options
If the file name, find string, or change string are too long for
their status line fields, then the first and last parts of the
strings are displayed, with a diamond in the middle. Only the
display is changed. The full strings are kept within RE.
r-34
FILE NAMES
RE enforces file name restrictions for the Edit, Save, and Name
commands. This insures that you do not create or input files named
by DOS truncating an invalid file name and helps prevent system
hangs due to accessing unconnected devices.
RE restricts you to DOS 2.0 file naming standards. All such names
are valid under subsequent versions of DOS. Later versions of DOS
allow more flexibility in file names, but this can cause problems
such as backward compatibility and uppercasing a file name producing
an unexpected file. "..\" (parent directory) may be used at the
start of a file name (..\re.doc) or immediately after a disk
specifier (c:..\re.doc), but may not be used anywhere else. All
paths are limited to 63 characters. If you have @exfilename set to
^yes then RE fully qualifies all file names that you input and all
expanded paths are limited to 63 characters.
In addition, RE will not let you use CON, AUX, COM1, COM2, COM3,
COM4, LPT1, PRN, LPT2, LPT3, or NUL for file names (these are
reserved device names), and it will not let you save to files with
extensions RE!, BAK, COM, or EXE.
MEMORY MANAGEMENT
RE uses only standard memory for its internal database, up to 640K
(736K if you have a setup that allows this). It does not use
extended or expanded memory or a spill file. Each line in the
internal database requires (i+24) div 16 consecutive paragraphs (16
characters) where i is the number of characters included within the
first and last nonblank characters. Lines that are seven or less
characters take one paragraph.
When RE finds that the available memory is less than about 2000
bytes, it gives a free memory low warning. Various functions are
disabled. When a new line cannot be stored in RE's internal data
structure, a memory full error is displayed. When this happens, you
cannot make any changes that increase the size of your file.
Whenever RE is waiting for a keystroke it works at defragmenting the
internal database. Occasionally you may have a free memory low
warning that disappears spontaneously. You may force a complete
defragmentation with f3-free_memory (but this is never necessary).
F3-free_memory defragments RE's internal database and displays the
amount of free memory. The number displayed is in paragraphs.
r-35
HOUSEKEEPING DETAILS
RE lets you edit any number of files at the same time (subject to
memory limitations). To add a new file to those being edited, use
the E command. To move between the different files use alt-q,
f2-Next_session, or f2-Previous_session. To remove a file from the
current files use the Q command (if desired, use the S command to
save the file first).
Whenever RE scrolls to a specific line that line is unexcluded. If
the line is not on the screen then the line and cursor are put on
the second line of the edit window.
In order to prevent keyboard coasting, RE ignores certain repeated
keystrokes when it cannot keep up with them. All keys that invoke
functions (rather than text) except enter, are subject to
suppression. Text is never suppressed. If you are using a keyboard
macro program, put an unused function key (shift-f1 for example)
before each repeated function key to prevent suppression. If you do
not like the decoasting, see @DECOASTKB in REPROF.DOC. Some resident
programs that take over the keyboard interrupt can disable RE's
keyboard decoasting.
RE displays the result of each keystroke, even if another keystroke
is in the buffer waiting to be operated on. Together with the
keyboard decoasting system, this lets you use the typematic function
of the keyboard without worrying about getting ahead of the display.
In the middle of a block operation, RE may display the message
"Defragmenting memory". When this happens RE is restructuring its
internal database to provide more usable memory for the operation.
r-36
MOUSE HANDLING
RE has native mouse handling via the Microsoft mouse interface
(interrupt hex 33). You must install MOUSE.SYS or MOUSE.COM to get
this handling. If you wish to use a mouse driver that feeds
keystrokes to RE, you will probably need to disable RE's native
mouse handling (see @MOUSE* in REPROF.DOC).
The left mouse button is the same as the enter key except that if
there is no pending command, the Basic menu is displayed. The right
button is the same as the esc key. The middle button is unused but
may be assigned. Mouse movement gives autoscroll cursor movement.
If you get a two second delay on startup and after a DOS shell it is
likely that your mouse hardware reset is causing this. This happens
on some IBM PS/2s. On other systems there may be a shorter, but
still annoying delay. See @MOUSE* in REPROF.DOC to change the reset
to a software reset.
DISPLAYS
RE has four sets of display attributes. These are: monochrome for
use on a digital monochrome display; color for use on a color
display; black/white for use on an analog monochrome display; and
lcd for use on laptop computers. RE cannot set the display mode, but
it queries the current mode on startup or after a DOS shell and
chooses its attribute set based on this.
RE can operate under text modes with 80 to 255 columns and 6 to 80
lines. The standard modes that meet these requirements are CO80
(Color 80 column), BW80 (Black/White 80 column), and MONO
(Monochrome 80 column). The mode may be set with the DOS MODE
command, or other display control software, before running RE or
from a DOS shell.
If you use a PC Convertible with a liquid crystal display, set the
display mode to MONO or BW80 before starting RE. RE will choose its
lcd attributes instead of the normal mono or b/w attributes. If you
attach a color display, set the mode to CO80 to get the normal color
attributes.
RE can detect the use of a PC Convertible but not other laptop
computers. To use the LCD attributes in this case, add the ^setatlcd
command to the startup macro in your profile and assemble it with
REPROF (see REPROF.DOC).
If you normally use a color monitor in black/white mode then the
colors may not be very good. This is the default situation on a
PCjr. To fix the problem add the line "MODE CO80" to your
AUTOEXEC.BAT file. This requires that the DOS file MODE.COM be on
your boot disk.
If you normally use an analog monochrome monitor in color mode, then
the colors will be poor. This is the default situation with an IBM
Portable PC and an IBM PS/2 or VGA with a monochrome monitor. To fix
this problem add the line "MODE BW80" to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
This requires that the DOS file MODE.COM be on your boot disk.
r-37
TIPS
Here are a few tips that may help you with RE.
If you have a set of unequal length strings (one on each line) that
need to be enclosed in quotes: put a one column block mark to the
left of strings and fill it with quotes (use f9-fill_block_pat);
overlay the column of quotes to the right of the strings (alt-o);
extend the mark to the column to the left of the new quotes with
f3-mark_column_resize and shift the strings to the right side of the
mark with f8-Right_side (or alt-v alt-v alt-v); extend the mark to
cover the right hand quotes with f3-mark_column_resize and shift the
strings left with f8-Left_side.
abcdef 'abcdef 'abcdef ' 'abcdef' 'abcdef'
abc --> 'abc --> 'abc ' --> 'abc' --> 'abc'
abcd 'abcd 'abcd ' 'abcd' 'abcd'
To transfer text between files: edit both files at the same time;
mark an area in one file; press alt-q to get to the second file; and
then move, copy, overlay or insert (alt-m, alt-c, alt-o, alt-i) the
area mark.
If you have decided where to move a piece of text, but have not
marked the text yet, press alt-p to mark your position, then mark
the text, and press alt-g to return to that position.
It is rarely necessary to unmark an area. When you get the "Area
mark already exists" message, repeat the same function. The unmark
will be done automatically and the new area mark will be started.
For cursor movement, shifting text, inserting new lines, and the
repeat find and change functions, the typematic function of the PC
keyboard is very useful. RE prevents keyboard coasting on such
functions (not on text), so generally you can hold a function key
down until one more key press is needed. For a little practice, mark
100 lines of a file, and use the shift left (alt-9) or right (alt-0)
function. If you want to type ahead on these keys, press shift-f1
(or any unused function key) between each key.
If you use the DOS shell often and you have enough memory, put
COMMAND.COM on a RAM disk, and "SET COMSPEC=D:\COMMAND.COM" in your
AUTOEXEC.BAT. DOS shells will run faster this way.
There are no "undo" functions in RE beyond the current line
redisplay function. However you may edit the old file that you
started with and copy text from it to your current file.
If you accidentally overwrite a file with the Save command, do not
forget that this file is still on your disk, with extension BAK. You
can exit RE and fix your disk, or read in the BAK file and save it
to the correct name.
It is wise to save your files to disk often. There are many events
that can cause RE to lose data such as power failure, memory errors,
and problems caused by resident DOS extensions. RE does no automatic
backups.
r-38
MESSAGES
RE displays messages in the first 25 columns of the status line. In
color mode, informational messages are in blue and error messages
are in red. Critical error messages normally cause a beep, but are
silent on an immediate repeat. A few of the messages may appear
before the new DOS prompt when RE cannot be run or after RE is
finished. The following is a list of messages.
"Are you sure? (Y/N)" is a request for you to confirm your command.
Type "y" or "Y" to confirm. Any other key cancels the command. You
can cause this message several ways.
Do a Quit command on a file that you have changed but have not
saved.
Enter an ASCII decimal 26 as a character. This character is the
end of file mark, so be careful where you put it. This
confirmation is disabled if you patch in new style ASCII files.
Do an area mark function immediately after receiving an "Area mark
already exists" or "Incorrect cursor position" message, or a line
delete when the mark is completely off of the screen. It is then
assumed that your area mark may not be as expected, and so you are
asked for confirmation before the function is done.
Do a flow or right justify function on a mark that is only one
column wide. This is presumed to be a mistake but it will be done
if you confirm it.
Do an area insert, overlay, or shift that would cause nonblank
characters to be lost. On destructive shifts, only the first of a
series of identical shifts cause this prompt.
"Area mark already exists" means that you are trying to create an
area mark but one already exists. If you immediately retry your
function then the area mark will be removed and the new one created.
Or use alt-u to remove the current mark.
"Cannot use display mode" is seen only on a DOS screen. It means
that RE cannot work under the current display mode. The display must
be in an alpha mode with between 80 and 255 columns. If you get this
message after DOS shell, a new shell is started and you must change
the mode before going back to RE.
"Changed" tells you that your Change command or repeat change
function is finished. If the All, Show all, or Hide all option was
chosen and more than one string was changed, the number of changes,
up to 10000, is displayed.
"Default disk/dir changed" means that you have changed the default
disk or directory from a DOS shell. This may cause problems if you
have not fully qualified your file names.
"Defragmenting memory" is a message that appears when a function is
held up because RE is straightening out its internal database.
r-39
"Disk/device error" means that RE has encountered a problem while
reading from or writing to a disk or device. This can be a directory
space problem, a non-existant drive or device (printer), a device
error such as a printer that is not ready, or insufficient disk
space on a Print command (Saves check for disk space before
proceeding).
"Disk write protected" means that your Save command has failed
because the disk is write protected. You may remove the write
protect tape on the disk or insert a new disk and execute the Save
command again.
"DOS memory error" means that on startup or after a DOS shell, DOS
would not let RE get or recover its memory. This will generally
happen only when you install a resident DOS extension from the
shell. If you get this message, you will have little or no free
memory to work with, and it is best to save your data and reboot
your system.
"Drive not ready" means that there is not a disk in the requested
drive or that the door is not closed.
"Enter ASCII code" is the prompt from the alt-a function.
"Found" tells you that your Find command or repeat find function is
finished. If the All, Show all, or Hide all option was chosen and
more than one string was found, the number of finds, up to 10000, is
displayed.
"Free paragraphs" tells you the amount of free memory, in paragraphs
(16 bytes).
"Free memory low" means that there is less than 2000 bytes of free
memory. Certain functions will be disabled and give the insufficient
free memory message. You can still do minimal editing, but beware of
the memory full error message.
"Incorrect Change string" means that the change string in a Change
command or alt-2 (repeat change) function is not valid.
"Incorrect command" means that the command that you are trying to
run is not recognized.
"Incorrect cursor position" means that the cursor is in an incorrect
position for the function that you are trying.
"Incorrect file name" means that the file name that you specified in
an Edit, Name, or Save command is not a valid file name or the file
name in a Save command is not acceptable to RE (files with
extensions BAK, COM, EXE, RE!). See FILE NAMES.
"Incorrect Find string" means that the find string in a Find or
Change command or alt-1 (repeat find) or alt-2 (repeat change)
function is not valid.
r-40
"Incorrect number" says that a number that you entered is not valid.
For the alt-a function the number must be from 0 to 255 entered as a
three digit number (with leading zeroes if needed). You can also get
this message from a Tab, Wrap, or line number command.
"Incorrect option" means that one of the options that you specified
in a command is not valid or a pair of options conflict with each
other (such as First and Last). This is often a side effect of a
find or change string that includes a blank but is not delimited
with quotes, or a missing blank after the command string.
"Insert ?:, press enter" is a prompt that tells you to insert the
diskette that you are using as the ? disk (where ? can be A, B, ...)
and then press enter to tell RE to continue.
"Insufficient disk space" means that there is not enough space on
the disk to do the requested save. You may want to use the D option
on the Save command which uses a minimum of space.
"Insufficient free memory" means that the available memory is too
low to do the requested function. The following functions require no
memory: quit, save, blank area, and delete area. However, before
these functions can be executed, the current line must be saved. If
there is no room for this, then you will get the memory full
message. In this case, do an alt-r (redisplay) or shorten the
current line, then repeat your function.
"Line(s) split" means that one or more lines were split at 255
columns during file input. "Line(s) too long" means that RE
encountered a line that would exceed 255 columns if the requested
operation was done. For this line, the operation was not done and
the message is displayed. Some functions continue after encountering
this problem (and may encounter another such line).
"Mark is not in session" means that you are trying to do a Find,
Change, or Print command with the M option (in area mark), but the
area mark is in another file.
"Mark is not in window" means that you are trying to change the
contents of an area mark, but the area mark is not in the active
window. This is not allowed in general, to help avoid accidental
changes. For a line delete (alt-d on a line area mark) it is
allowed, but you are prompted for confirmation.
"Memory full - Data Lost" means that RE ran out of memory while
executing a function. The function did not complete and the data
needs to be fixed before saving the file.
"No area mark" means that you are trying to do a function that
requires an area mark, but none exists.
"No files" means that your requested directory mask has no files.
"No line area mark" means that you are trying to do a function that
requires a line area mark, but the current mark does not cover
columns 1 through 255.
r-41
"No mark" is displayed when you press alt-g (go to mark) but there
is no position mark or area mark.
"Not found" means that your find string was not found.
"Not in ring" says that the file that you are trying to go to is not
in the current ring of files.
"Numeric fill overflow" means that your numeric line fill function
ran out of columns. The function was completed, but is missing
digits to the left of the numbers.
"Parameter too long" means that a command line parameter exceeds 80
characters, or 124 characters for a DOS command.
"Press enter to continue" is given from a DOS shell when RE thinks
that there is information on the screen that you may want to look at
before you return to the RE screen.
"Printed" means that RE has finished sending data to the printer.
(The printer may still be working on the job.)
"Replace file? (Y/N)" means that your save command (with a file
explicitly specified) will overwrite a file and you must press "Y"
to continue the operation. This prompt will only be given for the D
and I save types. With the B (default) save type, an overwritten
file may be recovered from the .BAK file.
"Saved" says that your data was successfully saved.
"Saved - file replaced" says that your data was successfully saved
to a non-default file name which was already on the disk. The old
file was renamed with the .BAK extension.
r-42
COMPATIBILITY AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION
RE will run on any IBM compatible MS-DOS computer with 256 Kbytes of
memory and an 80 column (or greater) monitor. RE supports being
windowed by DESQview but not by Windows.
RE reads and writes standard ASCII text files. For a file to be
properly read, it must have a CR/LF (hex 0D and 0A, in that order)
at the end of each line except the last. EOF (hex 1A) is viewed as a
file terminator but is not required. By default tab characters are
expanded on input. The maximum line length is 255 characters. When a
file is written, CR/LF is put at the end of each line including the
last, and EOF is put at the end of the file. By default there is no
tab compression on output. All trailing blanks on each line are
removed when writing a file.
If RE is modified to work with new style ASCII text files (see
REPROF.DOC) then EOF is not viewed as a file terminator and when
writing a file, the final CR/LF/EOF is left off.
RE uses BIOS functions for the display interface except that screen
updates are done by writing directly to the display buffer. If color
screen update waits are in effect, port hex 3DA is read. Unless
directed not to, RE looks for DESQview and uses the DESQview
selected screen buffer. RE finds the display mode and screen size by
calling BIOS interrupt hex 10. The display mode must be 0..3, 7, or
17..255. The number of columns must be from 80 to 255. At least 10
lines are required but this is not checked. 25 lines are needed to
fully display the default help text and no more than 80 lines are
ever used. The active page must be 0. To run under Windows you must
have Windows invoke a text mode. RE never changes the display mode,
active page, or BIOS colors.
BIOS functions are used for the keyboard interface. RE normally
polls the keyboard. See the @POLLINPUT in REPROF.DOC for more
information. By default the enhanced keyboard functions are not
used, but these are available (see @ENHANCEDKB).
The Microsoft mouse interface (interrupt hex 33) is used for mouse
handling. Functions 0 or hex 21 for reset, 3 for button presses, and
hex B for motion are the only functions used.
All other input and output is done with DOS 2.0 extended file
management functions, in binary mode if writing to a device.
Interrupts hex 1B (BIOS break key handler), hex 23 (DOS break key
handler), and hex 24 (DOS critical error handler) are taken over
when RE is started from DOS or a DOS shell, and restored before
returning to DOS or a DOS shell. This is done with DOS function
calls. No other interrupts are taken.
With DOS 3.1 or lower, when you use one diskette drive as A: and B:,
RE reads and writes to the DOS Communication Area single drive mode
status byte (address hex 0050:0004).
RE was compiled with Borland's Turbo Pascal 5.5 and Turbo Assembler
1.01, but does not use the Turbo Pascal library or startup code.
r-43
WHAT RE CANNOT DO
RE cannot do certain things that you might want it to. Here is a
list of some of these:
use extended or expanded memory or a spill file
handle lines greater than 255 characters
string marks - all area marks are rectangular (Use split/join to
help with string moves.)
have more than two windows
screen split other than one horizontal split
different lines excluded in the same file in different windows
preserve trailing blanks when saving
run in graphics screen modes
WHAT TO DO IF YOU HAVE PROBLEMS
If you have problems with RE or questions about it, there are two
ways to get in touch with me. First is the RE support bulletin
board. Prepare a file with the details of your problem. Call the
bulletin board at 606-268-0577 (1200/2400,N,8,1) and upload your
file. It will be assigned a question number - remember this number.
I will prepare an answer file, hopefully within 48 hours. Call the
bulletin board and download the corresponding answer file to get
your answer. All question and answer files are public.
You can also mail questions on disk to me (360K, 720K, or 1.44M
diskettes only - I cannot read 1.2M diskettes). Please include
return postage. Send the diskette to:
Cary Ravitz
P. O. Box 25068
Lexington, KY 40524-5068
I must have specific details. Do not assume that I know what you are
trying to do.
